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OUTLINE LESSONS IN 
ENGLISH HISTORY 



BY 

KATE B. REYNOLDS, A. B. (vassar) 

Teacher in Miss Spence's School, New York 



Hbe ftntcfeerbocfeer press 

New York 



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1, 



4, 



Copyrighted 
KATE B. REYNOLDS 

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EXPLANATION 

The method of teaching history, which the following 
Outline Lessons suggest, is due to experience, gained in 
private schools where an extensive curriculum and a short 
term usually combine to limit each course in history to sixty 
or, at most, seventy lessons. To judge from intercourse 
with pupils of many different schools, this limitation often 
results in careful study of the earlier periods of English 
History, for instance, and entire ignorance of the later ones, 
or leads to such a rapid scanning of the text-book that the 
pupil's mind is confused and contains an accumulation of 
disconnected facts, but no lasting and logical knowledge 
of essentials. 

These Lessons, therefore, attempt to simplify the study 
of English History for elementary classes in order that their 
members may learn to recognize the relative importance of 
events and may have a clear outline, firmly fixed in their 
minds as a foundation for more advanced work, such as 
college preparation. Because of this purpose, many dates 
and all details are omitted. 



Use of Outline. 



As the danger always exists that children may learn "by 
heart," and not intelligently, it is imperative that they 
know the meanings of words and reason about each state- 
ment. Consequently, questions on the text are varied in 
all possible ways. Every effort is made to force the pupils 
to recall facts by deduction, rather than by mechanical 
memory. The careful training of their reasoning powers 
also does away with the necessity for much of the comment 
in the elementary text-book. Furthermore, the moment 
they appreciate that they can come to correct conclusions 
through their own efforts, that moment they become keenly 
interested in their subject. 



2 Explanation 

Scheme of Usual Lessons. 

A page of the outline which has been reasoned out, de-' 
veloped, and explained in the previous recitation is learned; 
all places mentioned are located on the map ; dates in heavy 
type are committed to memory. 

Five or six pages, on the same topic, are read in a good 
text-book, for subsequent discussion in the class-room. 

Scheme of Incidental Lessons. 

(See pages 57-65 for references.) 

A short composition, for which the teacher has suggested 
the source of material, is written on some famous man or 
woman of each epoch. Such lessons aim to give the pupils 
a conception of the life of the period they are studying, and 
to make them realize that historical characters are "real" 
men and women. 

Scheme of General Review Lessons. 
(See pages 8, 9, 10, etc.) 

In addition to constant daily review, a brief survey of 
each era of the national life is made, after the detailed study 
of it has been completed. Something is learned, also, of the 
great contemporary movements in the rest of the world, so 
that the connection between them and the history of the 
English people may be noted. 

Since these comparative reviews are intended, primarily, 
for the correlation of those facts which the children have 
acquired by previous reading and study, the emphasis laid 
on them must vary with the mental ability of each class. 
They are found practical for the average pupil of fourteen. 



PERIODS OF ENGLISH HISTORY. 



i. Invasion. 

55 B. C— 1154 A. D. 

2. National growth. 

1154-1485. 

3. Reformation and Renaissance. 

1485-1603. 



4. Revolution. 

1603-1688. 



" Great Rebellion. " 
" Commonwealth. " 
" Restoration." 
" Glorious Revolution. 



5. Expansion. 

1688-1820. 

6. Internal development. 

1820-1909. 



OUTLINE LESSONS IN ENGLISH HISTORY 

EARLY INHABITANTS OF BRITAIN. 

Lesson I. 

Principal tribes. CELTS. 

Gael, in the North. 
Britons, in the South. 

Character. 

Warlike, and until Roman Conquest, practically un- 
civilized. 

Religion. 

Druidism. 

Example of building. 

Stonehenge ("raised stones"). 



Outline Lessons 

FOUR INVASIONS OF BRITAIN 

Invasion. , 

By Julius Caesar, 55-54 B. C. 

Beginning of conquest. 

By Emperor Claudius, 43 A. D. 

Withdrawal of Roman troops. 

Because of barbaric invasions of Italy, 410. 

Results of occupation. 

The Celts were Christianized and civilized to some extent, 
but were weakened as fighters. 



Invasion of Jutes, Saxons, and Angles, 449. 

Heathen Teutonic tribes, from northwestern Germany, 
expelled, enslaved, or killed the Celts. 

Conversion to Christianity. 
By St. Augustine, 507. 

Greatest king, 871-901. 

Alfred, the grandson of Egbert who was first overlord of 
all England. 

Importance. 

Gave England its institutions and language. 

Settlements. 

To be indicated on outline map as class-room work. 

Composition on one of the topics suggested for Roman Period. 

See'page 59. 

Composition on one of the topics suggested for Saxon ^Period. 

See page 59. 



invasion 



Invasions. 

Earliest recorded invasion of Danes was 787. 
Danes were Northmen or Vikings from Scandinavia. 

Kings. 

Canute and his sons ruled England, 1016-1042. 

Restoration of Saxon Kings, 1042- 1066. 

Edward, the " Confessor." 
Harold. 



Invasion. 

By William, the "Conqueror," who claimed the English 
throne because of the descent of his wife, Matilda, 
from Alfred, the promise of Edward, and the oath of 
Harold. William defeated the Saxon king, Harold, 
in the battle of Senlac or Hastings, 1066. 

Influence. 

Government centralized. 

Feudal system (with romance and chivalry) introduced. 

Connection with Continent, helped England to develop 

intellectually and commercially. 
Norman language, architecture, fashions, and sports, 

introduced. 
Norman civilization affected English civilization, but did 

not predominate over it in the end. 

Kings, 1 066-1 154. 

William I., the "Conqueror." 
William II., "Rufus." 
Henry I., "Lion of Justice." 
Stephen, Nephew of Henry I 



Sons of William I. 



Composition on one of the topics suggested for Norman 
Period. See page 60. 



Outline Lessons 



Lesson VII. 

INVADING 
NATIONS. 



SUMMARY OF PERIOD OF INVASION. 
55 B. C— 1154 A. D. 

Romans, 55 B. C. — 410 A. D. 



Saxons, etc., 449. 



Danes, 787. 



Normans, 1066. 



By 1350, had become one nation, in 
which Saxon characteristics pre- 
dominated. 



LITERA- 
TURE. 



Anglo-Saxon. 

Epic: Beowulf. 

Prose work: Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. 

Norman. 

Story of King Arthur, developed in Latin and French. 



Review 



COMPARATIVE 



REVIEW OF PERIOD OF INVASION 
BY CENTURIES. 



English History proper had not begun. 



Lesson VIII. 

FIRST TO 

FOURTH 

CENTURIES. 

FIFTH 
CENTURY. 



Saxons and other Teutonic tribes began their invasions of 
Britain. 

Contemporary Events: 

Preaching of St. Jerome (420). 
Mission of St. Patrick to the Irish (about 450). 
Fall of Roman Empire of the West, due in part to bar- 
baric invasions (476). 

Conversion of Anglo-Saxons to Christianity was begun by SIXTH 

St. Augustine, 597. CENTURY. 

King Arthur, a Celtic chief, opposed Saxon tribes. 

Contemporary Event: 

Roman emperors of the East were struggling with 
barbaric tribes. 

Council of Whitby (664) decided that English Church should SEVENTH 
remain loyal to Rome. CENTURY. 

Saxons began to have a literature. The famous poet was 
Caedmon. 

Contemporary Events: 

The Saracens under Mohammed (died 632) and his 
successors were conquering in southern Europe 
and northern Africa. 

The Kingdoms of Angles and Saxons were gradually uniting. EIGHTH 
Bede was the famous teacher. CENTURY. 

The epic, Beowulf, was probably put into writing. 

Contemporary Events; 

Pipin, the " Short," of France, laid foundations! for the 

temporal power of the Pope (756). 
Charlemagne, later Holy Roman Emperor, at whose 

court Egbert spent fourteen years, and whose famous 

scholar was Alcuin, checked advances of Saracens 

(778). 



Lesson IX. 

NINTH 
CENTURY. 



10 Outline Lessons 

COMPARATIVE REVIEW OF PERIOD 

(Continued) . 



OF INVASION 



Alfred, the "Great," general, statesman, and patron of learning 
was the important Anglo-Saxon King. 

Contemporary Events. 

Northmen (Danes) were ravaging the countries of 
northern Europe, and Saracens (Moors) were con- 
quering southern Europe. 

France and Germany became separate in the time 
of Charlemagne's grandsons. 



TENTH 
CENTURY. 



The Anglo-Saxon Kings continued to struggle against the 
Northmen or Danes. The greatest statesman was Arch- 
bishop]Dunstan. 

Contemporary Events. 

Political disorganization in Europe. 
Northmen, Slavs, Hungarians, and Saracens con- 
tinued to attack western Europe. 
Rollo, the Northman, became Duke of Normandy (911). 
America was discovered by Northmen (1000). 
Rise of cities such as Genoa and Pisa. 



ELEVENTH Danes conquered England and ruled it from 1 01 6 to 1042, when 

CENTURY. Anglo-Saxon kings were restored. The great Danish king 

was Canute. William, the Norman, began his conquest 

of England in 1066. 

Contemporary Events. 

Crusades began. 

Macbeth made himself king of Scotland (1039). 

The Cid was the great hero of Spain (1099). 



THE ENGLISH, A NATION 



Outline Lessons 



Lesson X PLANTAGENET KINGS, 1154-1399. 

HENRY II. Claim to throne. 



1154 -11, 



Grandson of Henry I. Was descended from Normans, 
Scotch, and Anglo-Saxons. 

Court language. 

French, but English was beginning to assert itself. 

Policy. 

To make nobles less warlike, 

by allowing payment of scutage (shield money) and by 
maintaining a standing army. 
To enforce justice, 

by establishing circuit courts and juries. 
To punish crimes of laymen and churchmen, alike, and 
to control civil power of the church, 

by Constitutions of Clarendon (1164), which were op- 
posed by Thomas a Becket, r Archbishop of Canterbury. 

Henry's French possessions included Normandy, Anjou, Maine, Tou 
raine, and the overlordship of Brittany. By his marriage, he acquired 
Aquitaine. 



National GrowtH 13 

Lesson XI. 

Richard I., the "Lion-hearted" and the "Absentee." RICHARD I. 

(Son of Hen- 
Went on the Third Crusade with Philip II. of France. ry II.) 

1189-1199. 



Quarrels of John. JOHN 

"LACK- 

With Church. LAND." 

( Son of Hen- 
John forced to become vassal of the Pope (Innocent ry II.) 

III.) and to accept Stephen Langton as Archbishop l ^9 

of Canterbury. 

With France. 

By Battle of Bouvines, John lost Normandy. 
With Barons. 

John forced to agree to Magna Carta, the foundation of 
English liberty, 121 5. 



War of Henry III., with Barons. HENRY III. 

Weakness of king led to Civil War. Simon de Montfort, ^ , ■* ' 
to 1216-1272. 

after his victory at Lewes, summoned a Parliament 
practically the beginning of self-government by the 
English as a nation. 



Lesson XII . 



Composition on one of the topics suggested for Early 
Plantagenet Period. See page 60. 



14 



Outline Lessons 



Lesson XIII. 

EDWARD I. 

"LONG- 
SHANKS." 
(Son of Hen- 
ry III.) 
1272-1307. 



Conquest of Wales. 

(Edward's oldest son given title, " Prince of Wales. ") 

Model Parliament, 1295. 

Consisted of bishops, temporal lords, and representatives 
of towns, shires, and parishes. 

War with Scotland. 

Edward, as arbitrator in Scottish quarrel, decided in 
favor of John Baliol, as claimant of Scottish throne. 
William Wallace was defeated in the battle of Falkirk, 
was captured and, later, executed as a traitor. Edward 
died before conquest was completed. 



EDWARD II. 
(Son of Ed- 
ward I.) 
1307-1327. 



War with Scotland. 

Robert Bruce (II.) won independence of Scotland in 
battle of Bannockburn (13 14). 



Deposition and murder of Edward II. 



National GrowtH 15 

Hundred Years' War with France begun. 

Causes : 

Commercial rivalry of France and England. 
Interference of France in Scottish affairs. 
(Edward's claim to French Crown.) 

Important events: 

Battle of Crecy, won by the English, 1346. 
Capture of Calais, by the English. 

Battle of Poictiers, won by the English, under the 
"Black Prince" (1356). 

Result : 

In spite of victories, England was forced to give up 
French provinces, except some cities on the coast. 

Relations with Scotland. 

Edward acknowledged the independence of Scotland. 



Lesson XIV, 

EDWARD 
III. 
THE 
"ROYAL 
WOOL MER- 
CHANT." 
(Son of Ed- 

ward II.) 
i327- x 377- 



Literature. 



Geoffrey Chaucer, died 1400, " Father of English Poetry," 

Author of " Canterbury Tales. " 
John Wyclif, "Morning Star of the Reformation." 

Version of Bible in English was largely his work. 

Attacked power and evil customs of clergy. 

Taught direct responsibility to God. 

Founded order of poor preachers, Lollards. 



i6 



Outline Lessons 



Lesson XV. 

EDWARD 
III. 

(Continued.) 



General conditions. 

Formation of English nation was complete. 
Shown in: 

General use of English language (Anglo-Saxon, 

modified chiefly by French.) 
Growth of literature, English in spirit. 
Increasing power of Parliament and its separation 

into two houses. 
Wide extension of commerce. 
Growth of towns. 
Spirit of national independence. 
Decay of feudalism. 

(This was partly due to change in relations of 
landlords and laborers, caused by the " Black 
Death." 



RICHARD 
II. 

(Grandson 

of Edward 

III.) 

I377-I399- 



Lesson XVI. 



Revolt of peasants under Wat Tyler. 

Put down with great cruelty. 
Promises of king not kept. 

Deposition. 

Compelled to resign throne to Henry Bolingbroke, son of 
John of Gaunt. 

Composition on one of the topics suggested for Later Plan- 
tagenet Period. See page 61. 



National GrowtH 



17 



LANCASTRIAN KINGS. 1399-1461. 



Claim to throne. 

Son of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, who was a 
son of Edward III. Was elected by Parliament. Over- 
looked the claims of descendants of Lionel, older son of 
Edward III. 

Rebellions. 

Led by Harry Percy, called " Hotspur" and others. 
Were unsuccessful. (Ballad of Chevy Chase.) 

House of Commons. 

Gained great power because Henry was careful to rule 
according to law. 



Lesson XVII. 

HENRY IV. 

(Grandson 

of Edward 

III.) 

1399-1413- 



Hundred Years' War with France renewed. 

Battle of Agincourt, 141 5. 
Victory for the English. 



HENRY V. 
"PRINCE 
HAL." 
(Son of Hen- 
ry IV.) 
1413-1422. 



Lesson x g Outline Lessons 

XVIII. 



1422-1461. 



HENRY VI. War with France, continued. 

(Son of Hen- 
ry V.) Siege of Orleans raised by Joan of Arc, who was betrayed 

by the French and burned by the English. 

English were defeated and lost all possessions in France 

except Calais. 

( Yorkists, White Rose. 
Wars of the Roses, 1455-1485. { Lancastrians, Red Rose. 

Causes. 

Ill success of the Hundred Years' War with France. 
Rivalry of Lancastrians and Yorkists. 
Important battles. 
St. Albans (1455). 

Henry VI. captured by Yorkists. 
Northampton (1460). 

Richard, Duke of York, made heir to the throne. 
Wakefield (1460). 
Richard killed. 
St. Albans 2nd (1461). 

Henry VI. rescued by Lancastrians under Queen 

Margaret. 
Edward, son of Richard, however, was crowned king 
in London. 
Towton (1461). 

Yorkists were victorious. 

Henry VI. and Margaret fled to Scotland. 



National GrowtH 



19 



YORKIST KINGS, 1461-1485. 

Continuation of Wars of the Roses. 

Warwick, the "King-maker," restored Henry VI. (1470). 
Battles of Barnet and Tewksbury, won by Yorkists (1471), 
Death of Henry VI. in the Tower (147 1). 

Printing introduced into England (1471) by William Caxton. 



Lesson XIX. 

EDWARD 

IV. 
(Descendant 
of Lionel, 

son of 
EDWARD 

III.) 
1461-1483. 



Edward V. was murdered by order of his uncle, Richard, Duke 
of Gloucester. 



Continuation of Wars of the Roses. 

Battle of Bosworth (1485). 

Lancastrians victorious under Henry Tudor, Earl of 
Richmond, great-great-grandson of John of Gaunt. 
Henry married Elizabeth, daughter of Edward IV. 

Outline map of the Wars of tihe Roses filled in, as class-room 
work. 

Composition on one of the topics suggested for Lancastrian and 
Yorkist Period. See page 61 



EDWARD 

V. 
(Son of Ed- 
ward IV.) 
April to 
June, 1483. 

RICHARD 
III. 

(Brother of 
Edward IV.) 

1483-1485. 



Lesson XX. 



20 



Outline Lessons 



Lesson XXI. 
KINGS. 



SUMMARY OF PERIOD OF FORMATION OF ENGLISH 
NATION AND OF GROWTH OF A SYSTEM OF GOV- 
ERNMENT, ACCORDING TO ANGLO-SAXON 
STANDARDS. 1154-1485. 



Plantagenet. 

Henry II. 
Richard I. 
John 

Henry III. 
Edward I. 
Edward II. 
Edward III. 
Richard II. 

Lancastrian. 

Henry IV. 
Henry V. 
Henry VI. 

Yorkist. 

Edward IV. 
Edward V. 
Richard III. 



Twelfth Century. 



Thirteenth Century. 



Fourteenth Century. 



Fifteenth Century 



LITERA- 
TURE. 



Geoffrey Chaucer. 

"Father of English Poetry" (1340-1400). 

John Wyclif. 

" Morning Star of the Reformation. " (1384) 



R 



eview 



21 



COMPARATIVE REVIEW OF PERIOD OF NATIONAL 
GROWTH BY CENTURIES. 

Henry I. and Stephen, Norman kings, were succeeded by Henry 
II., Richard L, and John, who were Plantagenets. 

Thomas a Becket was the famous ecclesiastical statesman of 
Henry II.'s reign. 

Contemporary Events. 

Second and Third Crusades. The famous Turkish 

leader was Saladin. 
Frederick I., Barbarossa, became Holy Roman Emperor 

(1152). 
Rise of Waldenses (1160?), forerunners of French 

Protestants. 
Hanseatic League of cities of northern Germany was 

formed. 

John, Henry III. and Edward I., Plantagenets, were rulers of 

England. 
Layamon wrote the " Brut," the first English poem after the 

" Conquest." 
Roger Bacon was the great English representative of the 
Schoolmen. 
Contemporary Events. 

Schoolmen were chiefly occupied with metaphysical and 

theological questions. 
St. Francis of Assisi and St. Dominic of Spain founded 

orders of friars. 
Crusades were continued and ended disastrously. 
Marco Polo visited court of Kublai Khan (China). 
Alhambra built in Granada, Spain (1273). 
Cimabue revived the art of painting in Italy (1300). 



Lesson 
XXII. 

TWELFTH 
CENTURY. 



THIR- 
TEENTH 
CENTURY. 



22 Outline Lessons 

COMPARATIVE REVIEW OF PERIOD OF NATIONAL 

Lesson GROWTH (Continued). 

XXIII. v 

FOUR- Edward II., Edward III., and Richard II. , Plantagenets, ruled 

TEENTH England. (Henry IV. of Lancaster came to throne, 1399.) 

Wyclif and Chaucer were the first great writers in English. 

Contemporary Events. 

Great movement of the century was the rise of the 

middle class. 
Swiss Confederacy was founded. 

William Tell, legendary hero. 
Robert Bruce led the people in Scotland. 
Rienzi attempted 'to reform the government of Rome 

(i347)- 
"Babylonian Captivity" (1305-1377.) 

Popes were kept in Avignon by French kings. 
Dante, Petrarch, and Boccaccio were the great poets of 

Italy. 
Mystery plays became popular. 

FIF_ Henry IV., Henry V., Henry VI, were succeeded by Edward 

TEENTH IV., Edward V., and Richard III., who was defeated by 

CENTURY. Henry Tudor (Henry VII.). 

Contemporary Events. 

Printing was probably invented by John Gutenberg of 

Mainz, Germany (about 1450). 
Constantinople was captured by the Turks (1453). 
The Medici family were patrons of art and literature in 

Florence. 
Savonarola, the reformer of Florence, was executed 

(1498). 
America was discovered by Columbus (1492). 
Louis XL, the "Nero of France," became king of 

France (1461-1483). 
Ferdinand (147 9-1 5 16) and Isabella ruled Christian 

Spain and conquered the Moorish kingdom. 



Reformation and Renaissance 23 



TUDOR RULERS, 1485-1603. Lesson 

XXIV. 
Increase of king's power, due to HENRY 

VII. 

Money, obtained by Parliamentary grant, by forced (Descendant 

loans and benevolences, by revival of obsolete ° ~J° ~\ 

3 Gaunt.) 

feudal claims, etc. 1485-1509. 

The Star Chamber Court, established to enable king 
to act independently of ordinary courts. 

Weakness of nobles, because of Wars of the Roses 
and new method of fighting, since invention of gun- 
powder. 

Claimants of throne. 

Lambert Simnel, personating Earl of Warwick, nephew 

of Edward IV. 
Perkin Warbeck, personating Richard, son of Edward IV. 

Commerce developed. 

Tyndale's New Testament, (published 1506). 



24 Outline Lessons 



Lesson 
XXV. 

HENRY 
VIII. 

(Son of Hen- 
ry VII.) 

1509-1547. 



Foreign policy. 

Largely directed by Cardinal Wolsey who wished to be 
Pope. 

Henry took part in Continental wars, siding sometimes 
with Charles V., Holy Roman Emperor (who ruled 
Spain, Netherlands, Germany, and Austrian possessions), 
and sometimes with Francis I. of France. 

Relations with Scotland. 

James IV. of Scotland invaded England and was defeated 
at Flodden Field. 

Revival of learning. 

John Colet founded St. Paul's School. 

Sir Thomas More was statesman, author, and patron of 

learning. 
Erasmus, famous Dutch scholar, spent much time in 

England. • 

Separation of English Church from Rome. 

Henry made himself "Supreme Head" of English Church 

which remained Catholic in doctrine (1534). 
Coverdale's Bible was published (1536). 
Monasteries were suppressed (1 536-1 539). 



Reformation and Renaissance 



2 5 



Progress of English Reformation under Edward VI. 

Churches stripped of images and pictures. 

Cranmer's Bible (the "Great Bible") published. 

Prayer Book in English compiled and its use compelled 

in all churches. 
Church had become Protestant, both in form and doctrine. 

Attempt to change succession. 

Duke of Northumberland attempted to have crown go 
to his daughter-in-law, Lady Jane Grey, as Edward's 
older sister, Mary, was an ardent Catholic. (Lady 
Jane Grey was beheaded in time of Mary.) 



Lesson 
XXVI. 

EDWARD 
VI. 

(Son of 
Henry 
VIII.) 

I547-I553- 



Restoration of Catholic Church by Mary I. 

Xon-Catholics treated as political offenders. 
Archbishop Cranmer and many others put to death. 

War with France. 

Mary joined her husband, Philip II. of Spain, in a war 
against France, and lost Calais, the last English posses- 
sion in France. 



MARY I. 

(Daughter 

of Henry 

VIII.) 

1553-^558- 



XXVII 2( * Outline Lessons 

ELIZABETH, Aim. 

THE "VIR- To mSL \r e England strong. 

„ ~~~; . .. To offend neither Catholic nor Protestant. 

QUEEN." 

(Daughter Progress of Reformation. 

of Henry Anglican Church was Protestant in belief, but retained 

VIII.) many Catholic ceremonies. 

1 5 58-1 603. Court of High Commission. 

Persecuted Non-Conformists. 
New Protestant sects, beginning to form (all influenced 
by French reformer, John Calvin of Geneva) . Puritans 
wished to simplify the Established Church. Presby- 
terians, a branch of the Puritans, already established 
in Scotland by John Knox, wished church organization 
to be governed by a committee of ministers and elders, 
elected by the Church members. 

Separatists held that each congregation ought to govern 
itself. 

Relations with Mary Stuart, " Queen of Scots." 

Mary, who was supported by Catholics, was proved to be 
intriguing to gain English throne and was beheaded by 
order of Elizabeth. 

Relations with Philip II. of Spain. 

Spanish Armada was defeated in English Channel (1588). 
As a result, England became a great naval and colonizing 
nation. 

Rise of English navy. 

Captain John Hawkins and Sir Francis Drake were famous 
seamen. 

Conquest of Ireland. 

By end of Elizabeth's reign, all Irish chiefs owned al- 
legiance to English crown. 

Literature. 

Edmund Spenser — "Faery Queene." 
William Shakespere — Dramas. 
Francis Bacon — Essays. 

Lesson 
XXVIII. Composition on one of the topics suggested for Tudor Period. 

See page 62. 



Summary 



SUMMARY OF TUDOR PERIOD, 1485-1603. 

Period of commercial growth, of intellectual and religious 
awakening (Reformation and Renaissance), but of 
political despotism. 



Tudors. 



Henry VII. 
Henry VIII. 
Edward VI. 
Mary. 
Elizabeth. 



Lesson 
XXIX. 

RULERS. 



"Golden Age." 

Edmund Spenser. 
William Shakespere. 
Francis Bacon. 



LITERA- 
TURE. 



Note. — From 1450-1650, the political, intellectual, and religious ideals of 
European nations were changing. The medieval period was ending and the 
modern beginning. 



Outline Lessons 



Lesson XXX. 

SIXTEENTH 
CENTURY- 



COMPARATIVE REVIEW OF TUDOR PERIOD. 

Henry VII., Henry VIIL, Edward VI., Mary, and Elizabeth, 
Tudors, ruled England. 

Some Contemporary Names of Note. 

Rulers (who were engaged in religious quarrels). 

Charles V., Holy Roman Emperor (1519-1556). 

Philip II., King of Spain after Charles V.'s abdica- 
tion. Was successfully opposed in Netherlands 
by William, the Silent (murdered 1584). 

Francis I. (15 15-1547). Patron of art 1 
and literature 

Catherine de Medici, mother of Charles ! 
IX. Was responsible for massacre | 
of St. Bartholomew's Day (1572). 

Henry IV., Bourbon (1589-1610). J 

Reformers. 

Martin Luther of Germany (died 1 5 46) . 

John Calvin of Geneva (died 1564). ' 

Ignatius Loyola of Spain (died 1556). 
Artists. 

Albert Diirer of Germany (died 1528) 

Raphael (died 1520). 

Michael Angelo (died 1564). 

Authors. 

Machiavelli (died 1527 ); — The' ' Prince . ' ' 
Ariosto (died 1533) — poet. 
Tasso (died 1595)— poet. 
Cervantes (died 1616) — "Don Quixote 
Montaigne (died 1592) — Essays. 

Scientist. 

Copernicus of Poland (died 1543)- 

Founder of modern system of astronomy. 
Explorers. 

Magellan (killed 1521). Portuguese 

One of his vessels circumnavigated the Globe 

Cortez. Spanish. 

Explored Mexico (15 19-15 21). 



Import- 
ant rulers 
in France. 



Protest- 
ant. 
Catholic. 



Italian. 



Italian. 

Spanish. 
French. 



Revolution 29 



STUART RULERS, 1603-1688. vvv? 

A A A 1 . 

Aim. JAMES I. 

(Son of 

To rule independently of laws because of " Divine right of Mary, "Queen 

ki - of Scots," 

& ' and Cousin 

of Elizabeth.) 
Relations with Catholics. 1603-162 5. 

" Gunpowder Plot, " formed by some Catholics to blow up 
Houses of Parliament, was discovered. Guy Fawkes 
and other conspirators were executed. This plot led 
to further severe laws against Catholics. 

Relations with Parliament. 

James usurped powers of Parliament but met with de- 
termined opposition. 

Colonization of Virginia and New England. 

Jamestown, Va., founded 1607. 
Plymouth, Mass., founded 1620. 

Interesting events. 

Execution of Sir Walter Raleigh. 

Death of Shakespere, 1616. 

King James' Version of the Scriptures (completed 161 1). 



3° 



Outline Lessons 



Lesson 
XXXII. 

CHARLES 

I., 

THE "MAR- 
TYR KING." 
(Son of 
James I.) 
1625-1649. 



Relations with Parliament (to 1629). 

King attempted to show that he was superior to Parlia- 
ment, which forced him to sign "Petition of Right" 
and so to acknowledge the right of the English people 
to govern themselves, 1628. The Parliament of 1629 
continued to oppose the king and he dismissed it. 

The Puritans had become a strong political party opposed 
to the State Religion. 

Tyranny (162 9-1 640). 

King ruled without a Parliament for eleven years. William 
Laud, Archbishop of Canterbury, and Thomas Went- 
worth, Earl of Strafford, were the king's chief advisers. 

The Star Chamber Court was used to collect " ship money " 
and other illegal taxes. 

The Court of High Commission was used to punish all those 
refusing to adhere to the Established Church. 



Revolution 31 

Lesson 
XXXIII. 

Long Parliament (i 640-1 6 53). CHARLES I. 

Called to gain money to fight Scots. {Continued.) 

Forced king to acknowledge superiority of Parliament. 
Published "Grand Remonstrance" which led' to Charles' 
attempt to arrest the five members (among them 
John Hampden) who had been leaders in the 
" Remonstrance." 

Civil War or the "Great Rebellion," 1642-1649. 

Leaders. 

Royalist: Charles I. 

Prince Rupert. 
Parliamentary: Sir Thomas Fairfax. 
Oliver Cromwell. 
Battles. 

Marston Moor (1644). ) 

Naseby (1645). r Won by Parliament. 

Preston (1648). j 

Trial and execution of Charles I., 1649. 

Judges selected by members of House of Commons, who 
were left after "Pride's Purge," which shut out all 
those thought to be favorable to the king. 



32 



Outline Lessons 



Lesson 
XXXIV. 

[OLIVER 
CROMWELL] 

1649-1658. 



The Commonwealth (1649-16 53). 

England governed by the "Rump Parliament." 
Cromwell carried on war in Ireland and subdued it after 

massacre at Drogheda. 
Scots supported Prince Charles and were defeated at 

Dunbar and Worcester. 
Robert Blake defeated the Dutch and helped to secure 

the respect of foreign nations for the new republic. 
"Rump Parliament" became corrupt and selfish, so 

Cromwell put "Barebone's Parliament" in its place. 

The Protectorate (1653-1660). 

Oliver Cromwell was chosen Lord Protector, according 
to the " Instrument of Government. " 

After Cromwell's death (1658)/ his son, Richard Crom- 
well, succeeded him, but soon resigned. The army 
and General Monk controlled the country (1659-1660). 
Map of the Civil War, as class-room work. 

Note. — Puritan movement culminated in rule of Oliver Cromwell. Its 
decline, after his death, was due to extreme religious and political convic- 
tions of various Dissenters. 



Revolution 



33 



The "Restoration," 1660. 

Meant the return of Stuart rule, of Anglican Church as 
the State Church, and of old amusements and dis- 
sipations. 

Legislation, showing intolerance. 

Act of Uniformity. 

Stated that all clergymen must use Anglican prayer- 
book. 
Conventicle Act. 

Forbade religious meetings of Dissenters. 
Test Act. 

Stated that no Dissenters were to hold politicaloffice . 
(Because of such laws, John Bunyan was imprisoned 

and John Milton was threatened, but finally pardoned.) 

Dutch Wars (1665-67) (167 2-1674). 

Colony of New Amsterdam (N. Y.) surrendered to English 
fleet (1664). Was gained by treaty (1667). 
I The Great Plague. 

{ The Great Fire. 



Annus Mirabilis (1666). 



Secret Treaty of Dover (1670). 

Made with Louis XIV. of France, who paid Charles to be 
tolerant to Catholics and to break alliance with Dutch 
(made in 1668). 

Habeas Corpus Act (1679). 

No person to be kept in prison without trial. 

American colonies. 

Carolinas. 

Given by Charles to his friends. 
New Jersey and Pennsylvania. 

Settled by William Penn and other Quakers. 

Composition on one of the topics suggested for Early Stuart 
Period. See page 63. 



Lesson 
XXXV. 

CHARLES 

II., THE 

"MERRY 

MONARCH." 

(Son 

of Charles I. 

Brought up 
in France.) 
1660-1685. 



Lesson 
XXXVL 



34 



Outline Lessons 



Lesson 
XXXVII. 

JAMES II. 
(Brother of 
Charles II.) 

1685-1688. 



Causes of "Glorious Revolution" of 1688. 

James attempted to secure liberties for Catholics, to 
increase standing army, to imprison people unjustly. 
(The Bloody Assizes of Jeffreys tortured many innocent 
people.) The birth of a son to James destroyed hope of 
Protestant successor, Mary, daughter of James II. and 
wife of William of Orange. 

Important points in connection with the Revolution. 

Magna Carta, 1215, I 

Petition of Right, 1628, l "Bible of English Liberty." 

Bill of Rights, 1689, j 

The Revolution was national and bloodless. 
Parliament, elected by the people, has^supreme power. 
The sovereign must be Protestant and may be elected by 
Parliament from royal family. 



Summary 35 



SUMMARY OF PERIOD OF STRUGGLE FOR CONSTITU- 
TIONAL MONARCHY, 1603-1688. Lesson 

XXXVIII. 

Stuarts. RULERS. 

James I. 

Charles I. 

(Oliver Cromwell and the culmination of the political 

power of the Puritans.) 
Charles II. 
James II. 



Puritan. LITERA- 

TURE. 

John Milton. 

John Bunyan. 
Cavalier. 

John Dryden. 

Note. — Sir Isaac Newton formulated the law of gravitation, 1687. 



36 Outline Lessons 

COMPARATIVE REVIEW OF PERIOD OF STRUGGLE 

Lesson FOR CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY. 

XXXIX. 

SEVEN- Stuarts ruled England and believed in "Divine right of kings," 

TEENTH which Parliament successfully opposed. 

CENTURY. 

Contemporary Events. 

Religious wars were general in Europe. (Thirty Years' 

War, which involved practically all European nations, 

ended 1648.) 
Louis' XIII. (1610-1643), successor of Henry IV. as 

king of France, was directed by the famous statesman , 

Richelieu. 
Louis XIV. (1643-17 1 5), king of France, who had as 

his motto, " L'^tat c'est moi, " was the patron of great 

authors, such as the dramatists Moliere (died 1673) 

and Corneille (died 1684). 
Gustavus Adolphus (killed 1632), king of Sweden and 

the " Lion of the North, " was the hero of the Thirty 

Years' War. 
Peter the " Great " (1689-1725) was beginning the civil- 
ization of Russia. 
Frederick, the "Great Elector" of Prussia (1640-1688), 

was beginning the foundations of the future German 

Empire* 
Galileo (died 1642) was the famous Italian astronomer 

and prisoner of the Inquisition. 
Van Dyke (died 1641) was Flemish artist. 
Rembrandt (died 1669) was Dutch artist. 
Velasquez (died 1660) and Murillo (died 1682) were 

Spanish artists. 



Expansion 



37 



ENGLAND, A CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY, 1689. 

Jacobite Rebellions. (Latin Jacobus = James.) 

In Scotland. 

The Scotch Highlanders attempted to withstand Wil- 
liam, but were defeated and offered pardon if they 
took oath of allegiance to him. (Mac Ian of Glen- 
coe, by mistake, was late in appearing to take oath 
and "Massacre of Glencoe" took place.) 
In^Ireland. 

Irish allies of James II. were defeated in the battle of 
the Boyne (1690). 



Lesson XL. 

WILLIAM 
III. and 
MARY II. 
(Elected by 
Parliament.) 
WILLIAM. 
1689— 1702. 

MARY. 
1689-1694. 



War with France. 



"King William's War" in America, between English 
on one side, and French and Indians on the other. 
There were no important results. William constantly 
formed European alliances against France. 



Legislation. 



Bank of England founded. 
Freedom of Press established. 
Act of Settlement. 

Stated that crown was to go to Anne, sister of Mary, 

and then to Sophia, granddaughter of James I., and 

a Protestant. 



Rise of political parties (began in time of Charles II.). 

Tories (whose successors are Conservatives). 

Advocates of royal authority and Established (Epis- 
copal) Church. 
Whigs (whose successors are Liberals). 

Advocates of popular rights and religious freedom. 



3« 



Outline Lessons 



Lesson XLh 

ANNE. 
(Sister of 
Mary II.) 

1702-1714. 



Lesson XLII. 



War of Spanish Succession. 

A war between France and Austria in regard to Spanish 
throne which Louis XIV. wanted for his grandson, 
Philip, and Maximilian of Austria, for his younger son, 
Archduke Charles. Duke of Marlborough (English) 
and Eugene of Savoy led the forces allied against France 
and won the battle of Blenheim on the Danube. This 
victory drove the French from Germany. Marlborough 
also drove them from the Netherlands. 

Gibraltar was gained by the English. 

Arcadia, Newfoundland, and Hudson Bay Territory in 
America were acquired by the English. 

Union of England and Scotland (1707.) 

The two were to have one Parliament and one flag. 

Composition on one of the topics suggested for the Later Stuart 
Period. See Page 64. 



Expansion 



39 



EARLY HANOVERIAN KINGS, 17 14-1820 
Jacobite Rebellion (171 5). 



Lesson 
XLIII. 



GEORGE I. 

(Great-grand- 
James Edward, the "Old Pretender" (son of James II.), son of 

James I.) 

1714-1727 

lack of enthusiasm for his cause. 



landed in Scotland, but returned to France because of 



South Sea Bubble. 

South Sea Company's stock was inflated and nation seemed 
seized with a mania for speculation. When frauds 
were exposed, thousands were ruined. 

Ministry of Robert Walpole (Whig) . 

(Began 1721 and continued for twenty years). 

King, who was a German, made Walpole prime-minister 
with power to choose other members of the Cabinet. 
Walpole's policy was to "let sleeping dogs lie. " Political 
corruption was common. Votes were bought and sold. 

Rise of the Cabinet and increased power of prime-minister. 

Was a step toward bringing the government under con- 
trol of pubic opinion. 



I Lesson 4 o Outline Lessons- 

XLIV 

GEORGE War of Austrian Succession. (1740-1748). 

„ , Austria (Maria Theresa) and England fought against 

(bon of Prussia (Frederick, the "Great' ) and France. Ameri- 

orge '' can phase, between English and French, was known 

I 7 2 7 -I 7 as "King George's War." Conquests were restored 

at its close. 

Jacobite Rebellion (1745). 

Charles Edward, son of "Old Pretender," landed in 
Scotland and was defeated at Culloden. 

Struggle between England and France for Empire.* 

In India. 

Robert Clive defeated the French governor of Pondi- 
cherry, Dupleix, at Arcot (1751) and, after the " Black 
Hole of Calcutta," defeated Surajah Dowlah at 
Plassey (1757), thus making the English supreme in 
the basin of the Ganges, the richest part of India. 
French influence in region of Madras was destroyed 
by 1763. 

In America. 

Capture of Quebec by General Wolfe gave England 
Canada and the territory between the Alleghanies 
and the Mississippi. 

Social Conditions. 

Prevalence of vice and ignorance. 

Great Methodist revival under George Whitefield and John 
and Charles Wesley. 

Statesmen. 

Robert Walpole ruled House for first fifteen years. 
Thomas Pelham, Duke of Newcastle, could control votes 
by buying them but could not manage a war. William 
Pitt (later Earl of Chatham) was real head of Govern- 
ment after Walpole ; an orator ; a man who could not be 
bought; capable conductor of war. 
[Reform of calendar (1752) was necessary because dates were 
eleven days behind those of Continent.] 

*This struggle was involved with the "Seven Years' War," primarily an 
European war between Prussia (aided by England) and Austria (aided by 
France), 1756-1763. 



Expansion 



4i 



Revolt of American Colonies, 1775. 

Causes. 

So-called "taxation without representation." 

Examples: Stamp Act and Townshend Acts. 
Interference with trade and commerce. 
Example: Navigation laws. 
Events. 

Lexington and Concord, skirmishes near Boston. 
Bunker Hill, overlooking Boston, won by British. 
(Declaration of Independence, July 4th, 1776). 
New York and Philadelphia captured by British. 
Battle of Saratoga, where General Burgoyne was 

defeated and invasion from Canada was checked. 
(French formed alliance with the colonies.) 
English gradually driven from southern colonies and 
Cornwallis defeated at Yorktown. 
Treaty of Versailles (or Paris) closed the war (1783). 
English statesmen who recognized the rights of the 
colonies : 

Edmund Burke. 

William Pitt, the Younger. 

Charles James Fox. 



Lesson XLV. 

GEORGE 
III. 

(Grandson 

of George 

II.) 

1760— 1820. 



42 



Outline Lessons 



Lesson 
XLVI. 

GEORGE 
III. 

(Continued.) 



Affairs in India (17 7 2-1 803). 

Warren Hastings, East India Company's governor of 
Bengal, strengthened the foundations of English em- 
pire in India, but plundered native princes to get money 
for war. He was impeached, but finally acquitted 
because of good work he had done in India. 

Arthur Wellesley (later Duke of Wellington) increased 
English power in India. 

Affairs in Ireland. 

Catholics, bulk of the nation, without political power. 

Irish Parliament had had its power taken from it by 
English Parliament (17 19), but had been again made 
independent (1782). 

"United Irishmen," a society of Orangemen (Presby- 
terians) and Catholics, was formed to fight for independ- 
ence; were aided by French. Their plot was discovered, 
and their attempt was put down with great severity 
(1798). 

Irish Parliament was united with English (1801), but 
king would not grant civil equality to Catholics. 



Expansion 



43 



and Portugal 
French from 



and Blucher 



Relations with French Revolution, 1780-1815. 

Causes of war with French. 

French declaration of war on England (1793). 
Extension of French rule interfered with English 

commerce. 
French offered to aid English to dethrone king. 
Events. 

Battle of the Nile (1798). 

Nelson defeated fleet of Napoleon. 
Battle of Trafalgar (1805). 

Nelson defeated Napoleon, but was killed. 
Peninsular campaign ( 1808-18 14). 

English, under Wellesley, aided Spain 
against Napoleon and expelled 
peninsula. 
Battle of Waterloo, 181 5. 

Napoleon defeated by Wellington 
(Prussian) . 
Congress of Vienna (181 5). 
Re-adjusted map of Europe. 
War of 181 2 with United States. 
Cause. 

Interference of English with American commerce 
their impressment of American seamen. 
Events. 

War, to great extent, was a series of naval duels, the 
majority of which were won by United States war- 
ships or privateers. 
Treaty of Ghent, (181 5), closed the war. 
General Conditions. 

Parliament was controlled by nobility and great land- 
owners. 
Bribery was prevalent. 
Criminal laws were harsh. 

Many riots were caused by rapid introduction of machin- 
ery, especially for cloth-making. 
Steam engine had been invented by James Watt. 
Australia was 'acquired through discoveries of Captain 

James Cook. 
Slave trade was abolished. 

Composition on one of the topics suggested for the Early 
Hanoverian Period. See page 64. 



Lesson 
XLVII. 

GEORGE 
III. 

(Continued) , 



and 



Lesson 
XLVIII. 



44 



Outline Lessons 



SUMMARY OF PERIOD OF FOREIGN [WARS AND COLO- 



Lesson 


NIAL EXPANSION, 1688-1820. 


XLIX. 




RULERS. 


Stuarts. 




William III. and Mary II. 




(First constitutional monarchs of England.) 




Anne. 




Hanoverians. 




George I. 




George II. 




George III. 


LITERA- 


Critical Poetry. 


TURE. 


Alexander Pope. 




Essay. 




Joseph Addison. 




Samuel Johnson. 




Beginnings of Novel. 




Jonathan Swift. 




Daniel Defoe. 




Henry Fielding. 




Oliver Goldsmith. 




Romantic Poetry. 




Thomas Gray. 




Robert Burns. 




Sir Walter Scott. 




Lord Byron. 




Nature Poetry. 




William Wordsworth. 




Percy Bysshe Shelley. 




John Keats. 



Review 45 

COMPARATIVE REVIEW OF PERIOD OF FOREIGN 

WARS AND COLONIAL EXPANSION. 

Lesson L. 

William III. and Anne were succeeded by the Hanoverians, EIGH- 

George I., George II., and George III. and^Eariy 

France and England were almost constantly at war. Eng- NINE- 

land acquired from France, Canada and the Ohio valley, in TEENTH 

A a , * * T A' ct, i -a a CENTURIES. 

America, and a large part of India. She also acquired Aus- 
tralia by discovery. She lost, however, the Thirteen Colonies 
and the land between these colonies and the Mississippi River 
by the American Revolution. 
English industry and commerce steadily increased. 
Contemporary Events. 

Struggle for political liberty. 

American Revolution (1775-1783). 
French Revolution (17 89-1 81 5). 
Rule of "enlightened despots." 

Frederick II., the " Great" (1740-1786), was strength- 
ening Prussia. 
Catharine II., the "Great" (1762-1796), was increas- 
ing the prestige of Russia. 
Literature of new ideas and ideals. 
In France. 

Voltaire (1694-17 7 8), dramatist, poet, and reformer, 

made assaults on intolerance, injustice, and 

arbitrary government. 

Rousseau (17 12-17 78) preached that foundation 

of government was the consent of the governed. 

In Germany. 

Goethe (1749-1832), author of "Faust," began 
his career as a great dramatist. 



46 



Outline Lessons- 



Lesson LI. 

GEORGE 
IV. 

(Son of 
George III.) 

1820-1830. 



LATER HANOVERIAN RULERS, 1820 — 
Removal of religious disabilities. 

Dissenters were allowed to hold political offices. 
Catholics could sit in Parliament and hold all but a few 
of the highest offices. 



WILLIAM 

IV. 

THE 

"SAILOR 

KING." 

(Son of 

George III.) 

1830-1837. 



First Reform Bill, 1832. 

"Rotten boroughs" and old bribery system were abol- 
ished. 

Large cities were given proper representation in Parlia- 
ment. Influence of middle class was greatly increased. 

Increased representation was given to Scotland and 
Ireland. 

Improvement of social conditions. 

Abolition of slavery. 

Slave-owners in British colonies were paid for freed 
slaves . 
Regulation of child labor. 
Beginning of public education. 
Revision of Poor Laws. 



Internal Development 47 

Lesson LI I. 

Important legislation, 1837-1901. VICTORIA. 

(Niece of Wil- 

Penny Post established (1840). liam iv.) 

Repeal of the Corn Laws (imposing duty on imported 183 7-1 901. 

grain, to protect landowners) left only a nominal duty 

on foods (1846). 
Other laws practically established free trade (1850). 
Admission of Jews to Parliament (1858). 
Second Reform Bill, 1867. 

Brought about some of the reforms agitated by the 
unsuccessful Chartist Movement (1837-1848). 

Gave franchise to all men who owned or rented dwell- 
ings in the cities. 
Education Act (1870). 

Established free schools among poorer population. 
Ballot Act (1872). 

Men voted by secret ballot, instead of openly. 
Third Reform Bill, 1884. 

Gave franchise to laboring classes in country. Suf- 
frage, practically universal. 
Laws in regard to Ireland. 

Taxes to support Anglican Church abolished (1869). 

Landlords forced to pay outgoing tenants for improve- 
ments made during their tenure (1870). 

Irish given right to manage local affairs (1898). 
Commonwealth of Australia formed (1901). 



48 Outline Lessons 

Lesson hill. 

VICTORIA Relations with America. 

{Continued). 

Rebellion in Canada (1837). 

Peace made by giving provinces a freer government. 
All the provinces, except Newfoundland, were formec 
into the " Dominion of Canada," which has an electivi 
House of Commons (1867). 
Civil War in United States (1 861-186 5). 

England helped Southerners by allowing ships, used t< 
injure Northern trade, to be built in her ports. 

Relations with Asia. 

Wars with China. 

First or Opium War (1840). 

To compel importation of opium into China. Hong 
Kong was ceded to Great Britain and five port: 
were opened to British trade. 
Second War (1856). 

Led to first visit of foreigners (English and French' 
to Peking. 
Third War (1859). 

French and English took Peking because thei; 
ambassadors had been intercepted. 
Boxer Uprising (1 898-1 900). 

Due to antagonism of Chinese to various foreigi 

Powers, with footholds in China. 
Led to relief of legations in Peking by allied Euro 
pean, United States, and Japanese forces. 
Afghan Wars (1839-1842) (1878-1881). 

Due to Russia's threatened advances on India througl 
Afghanistan. Resulted in England's gaining nothing 
by interference in Afghanistan. 
Indian Mutiny, 1857-1858. 

Sepoys, or native soldiers used to suppress Indian princes 

revolted. 
Mutiny was put down after terrible massacres of Englisl 

at Cawnpur, Lucknow, etc. 
The government of India passed from East Indie 

Company directly to Crown. 
Queen Victoria took title of " Empress of India" (1877) 



Internal Development 49 

Lesson LIV. 
Relations with Africa. VICTORIA 

In the north. (Continued). 

Purchase of nearly one half of the stock of the Suez 
Canal (1875) gave England the power to interfere in 
Egyptian politics, and to control its government. 
The Sudanese massacred General Gordon and his 

troops in Khartum (1885). 
The Sudan was secured for England (1899) by General 
Kitchener. 
In the south. 

Annexation of Natal (1843) and of the Transvaal (1879). 
First Boer War (1880-1881). 

Resulted in restoration of the independence of the 
Transvaal . 
Second Boer War (1899-1901). 

Resulted in the annexation of the Transvaal and 
Orange Free State to Great Britain. (In reign of 
Edward VII.) 

Attitude toward Eastern Question. 

(Eastern Question : Shall Turkey, a weak nation, hold Constantinople, 
the key to the Black Sea, or shall Russia be allowed to take it?) 

Crimean War, 1853-1856. 
Parties. 

Turkey, England, and France against Russia. 
Events. 

Battle of Balaclava. 

" Charge of the Light Brigade. " 
Russians repulsed. 
Battle of Inkerman. 
Russians defeated. 

Florence Nightingale nursed the wounded. 
Capture of Sebastopol, a Russian fortress. 
European Congress at Berlin (1878). 
Due to Russia's invasion of Turkey. 
Roumania, Servia, Montenegro, became independent. 
Russia received territory in Asia Minor. 
Austria received Bosnia and Herzegovina. 
England acquired Cyprus, in return for guarantee of 
Turkish possessions in Asia Minor. 



50 



Outline Lessons 



Lesson LV. 

VICTORIA 

(Continued). 



Famous Statesmen. 

Sir Robert Peel (i 788-1850). 

Great advocate of Free Trade. 
William E. Gladstone (1809-1898). 

Aimed to conciliate the Irish and to reform the franchise. 
Benjamin Disraeli (Lord Beaconsfield) (1805-1881). 

Interested in foreign enterprises and in the extension of 
English power abroad. Bought Suez Canal stock. 
Lord Salisbury (1 830-1 903). 

Did not approve of "Home Rule" for Ireland— that 
is, that Ireland should be governed by an Irish Parlia- 
ment sitting in Dublin. 
Believed in local self-government and in extension of 
English power abroad. 



EDWARD 

VII. 
(Son of Vic- 
toria.) 

1901. 

Lesson LVh 



Relations with Ireland. 

Law passed allowing Irish tenants to become their own 
landlords and authorizing the government to help them 
(i9 3)- 

Composition on one of the topics suggested for Victorian Period. 
See Page 65. 



nummary 51 

SUMMARY OF PERIOD OF INTERNAL DEVELOPMENT 
AND REFORM AND OF DEFENCE OF COLONIAL AND 
COMMERCIAL INTERESTS, 1820-1909. 

Lesson LVII. 

Hanoverians. RULERS. 

George IV. 
William IV. 
Victoria. 
Edward VII. 



Poetry. LITERA- 

TURE. 

Alfred Tennyson. 

Robert Browning. 

Novel. 

Charles Dickens. 

William Makepeace Thackeray. 

Essay. 

Charles Lamb. 

History. 

Thomas Carlyle. 
Thomas B. Macaulay. 

Philosophy. 

Herbert Spencer. 

Science. 

Charles Darwin. 



5 2 



Outline Lessons 



Lesson 
LVIII. 

NINE- 
TEENTH 
& EARLY 
TWEN- 
TIETH 
CENTURIES. 



COMPARATIVE REVIEW OF PERIOD OF INTERNAL 
DEVELOPMENT AND OF DEFENCE OF COLONIAL 
AND COMMERCIAL INTERESTS. 

The Hanoverians, George IV., William IV., Victoria, and Ed- 
ward VII., are the rulers of Great Britain. 

Crises of the Era. 

1830. 

(War of Grecian Independence ended 1829.) 
Successful revolutions in France (Louis Philippe, new 

ruler), in Belgium, and in Spain, where Don Carlos 

was exiled and effort made for constitutional 

government. 
Unsuccessful insurrections in German states, in 

Poland, and in Italy. 
(Reform Bill of 1832, in England.) 

1848. 

Republic established in France with Louis Bonaparte 
(later emperor, 1852), as president. 

Reform of Swiss government. 

Insurrections in Germany and in Italy successful 
awhile, but followed by reaction. 

Revolution in Hungary (Kossuth) was a failure. 

(Chartist Movement in England was a failure.) 



1870. 



Peaceful union of Austria and Hungary (1867). 
Third Republic in France established (187 1). 
Kingdom of Italy, with Rome as Capital, united under 

Victor Emmanuel II. (1871). (Cavour, died 1861.) 
Loss of temporal power of the Pope. 
Empire of Germany completed and William I. 

crowned (187 1). (Bismarck.) 
(Second Reform Bill, 1867, in England.) 



Review 53 

Lesson LIX 

Material Progress. NINE- 

TEENTH 
Shown by railroads, ocean steamships, telegraph, sub- » -p a-dt y 

marine cable, telephone, steam printing-press, elec- TWEN- 
TIETH 
trical appliances, wireless telegraph, submarines, CENTURIES 

aeroplanes, etc. (Continued). 

Political Progress. 

Shown by establishment of constitutional govern- 
ments, of legal and political equality of citizens, of 
improvements in civil service, of practical freedom 
of the press, of popular educational systems, and of 
religious freedom from political control. 

Social Progress. 

Shown by abolition of slavery, by regulation of em- 
ployment of women and children, by founding of 
asylums and institutions, by establishment of Chris- 
tian missions, and by efforts to organize charities. 

International Progress. 
Shown by attempts at arbitration and the ending of wars. 
Berlin Conference (1 884-1 885). 

Representatives of " Great Powers " met to settle 
questions of dispute and to lay down principles 
for future annexation of territory in Africa. 
The Hague Conference (1899). 

Favored the formation of a permanent court of 
arbitration to settle international disputes. 



54 



Outline Lessons 



Lesson LX. 

NINE- 
TEENTH 
& EARLY 
TWEN- 
TIETH 
CENTURIES 
(Continued) . 



Rise of New Nations as "World Powers." 
United States. 

Importance in "world politics" increased by Spanish- 
American War, (1898). 

Japan. 

Wars between Japan and China (1 894-1 895) and be- 
tween Japan and Russia (1904) have made Japan a 
dominant power in the Far East. 

Russia. 

Expansion of Russia in Asia and revolutionary move- 
ments, leading to the first steps toward constitutional 
government (1905), foreshadow the growing impor- 
tance of Russia. 

Outline map of present British possessions filled in. 



IMPORTANT DATES IN ENGLISH HISTORY 

55 B.C. First Invasion of Britain by Julius Caesar. 

43 A.D. Conquest of Britain begun by Emperor Claudius. 

410 Withdrawal of the Romans. 

449 First Teutonic Invasion. 

597 Anglo-Saxons converted to Christianity. 

787 First Danish Invasion. 

871-901 Reign of King Alfred. 

1016-1042 Rule of Danish Kings. 

X042-1066 Anglo-Saxon Kings restored. 

1066 Norman Invasion (Battle of Hastings or Senlac). 

1 1 54 Henry II., first Plantagenet. 

12 1 5 The Great Charter (King John). 

1295 Model Parliament of Edward I. 

1346 Battle of Cr£cy. 

1400 Death of Chaucer. 

14 1 5 Battle of Agincourt. 

1455-1485 Wars of the Roses. 

1558-1603 Queen Elizabeth. 

1607 Founding of Jamestown (James I). 

[616 Death of Shakespere. 

1620 Landing of the Pilgrims at Plymouth, Mass. 

55 



56 Ovitline Lessons 

n of Right.*' 
1642 Beginning of '"Great Rebellion." 
1649 Execution of Charles I. 
1660 Restoration of Charles II. 

Glorious Revolution" (William and M 
1 7 14 George I., first Hanoverian. 

an Declaration of Independence. 
French Revolution began. 

5 Battle of Waterloo. 

: Passage of First Reform Bill. 

--1901 Victoria. 

Crimean War. 

1S5S Indian Mutiny. 

1 So 7 Second Reform Bill. 

1884 Third Reform Bill. 



LIST OF SUGGESTED BOOKS. 

(For references to these books, see pages 59-65) 

Beesly: " Queen Elizabeth. " 

Macmillan Co. 

Bulfinch : " Age of Chivalry. ' ' 

S. W. Tilton & Co. 

Church, A. J.: "Story of Early Britain." 

G. P. Putnam's Sons. 

Church, A. J.: "Stories from English History." 

Macmillan Co. 



Colby: 



Creighton: 



"Selections from Sources of English History." 
Longmans, Green, & Co. 

"Cardinal Wolsey." 

Macmillan Co. 



Freeman : 



" William the Conqueror." 

Macmillan Co. 



Gree.v, J. R.: "Short History of the English People." 

Harper & Bros. (American Book Co.) 

Green, Mrs. J. R.: "Henry, the Second." 

Macmillan Co. 



Guerber: 



Harrison: 



"Story of the English." 

American Book Co. 

" Oliver Cromwell. " 

Macmillan Co. 

57 



58 


Outline Lessons 


Hughes: 


"Alfred, the Great." 




Macmillan Co. 


Kendall: 


"Source Book of English History." 
Macmillan Co. 


Lang: 


"Book of Romance." 




Longmans, Green, & Co, 



Lanier: 



"Boys' Froissart. " 

Charles Scribner's Sons. 



Maxwell: 



"Robert, the Bruce." 

G. P. Putnam's Sons. 



McCarthy: "Short History of Our Own Times.!' 

Harper & Bros. 

Morris: "Historical Tales." 

Lippincott Co. 

Pa rk m a n : " Mon tcalm and Wolfe . ' ' 

Little, Brown, & Co. 

Russell : " William Evarts Gladstone. " 

Harper & Bros. 

Shepherd " Historical Readings. " 

American Book Co. 



Stevens & Allen : " King Arthur Stories from Malory. " 

Houghton, Mifflin, & Co. 



Stirling: 



"Torch-Bearers of History." 

T. Nelson & Sons. 



REFERENCES FOR SUPPLEMENTARY WORK. 



Julius Caesar and the Britons. 

Church: "Stories from English History," pp. 8-27. 

Colby: "Selections from Sources," pp. 1 and 2. 



ROMAN 
PERIOD. 



Boadicea. 

Church : 
Guerber: 

King Arthur. 
Church: 
Stevens ) 

& f 

Allen: ) 

Stirling: 

St. Augustine. 
Church : 
Colby: 
Green: 

King Alfred. 
Church 
Church 
Colby: 
Green: 
Guerber: 
Hughes: 



"Stories from English History," pp. 33-48. 
"Story of the English," pp. 24-26. 

"Stories from English History," pp. 60-66. 
"King Arthur Stories," pp. 1-12; 22-24; 1 71-180. 
"Torch-Bearers of History," Part II., pp. 66-73. 

"Stories from English History," pp. 67-82. 

"Selections from Sources," pp. 15 & 16. 

"Short History of the English People," pp. 17-23. 

"Story of Early Britain," pp. 199-224. 
"Stories from English History," pp. 82-92. 

"Selections from Sources," pp. 19-24. 
"Short History of the English People, " pp. 49-54. 
"Story of the English," pp. 46-53. 
"Alfred the Great," pp. 32-43 
59 



SAXON 
PERIOD. 



6o 



Outline Lessons 



KOEMAN 
PERIOD. 



EARLY 

PLAN- 

TAGENET 

PERIOD. 



Dunstan. 

Church : 
Green : 
Guerber: 

Canute. 

Kendall: 

Harold. 

Church : 



"Story of Early Britain," pp. 245-256. 

"Short History of the English People," pp. 55-58. 

"Story of the English," pp. 57-63. 

"Source Book," pp. 35-38. 

"Stories from English History," pp. 1 14-124. 



William the Conqueror. 

Church: "Stories from English History," pp. 124-132. 

Colby: "Selections from Sources," pp. 39-41. 

Freeman: "William, the Conqueror," pp. 10-16. 
Green: "Short History of the English People," pp. 74-88. 

Hereward, the Wake. 

Morris. "Historical Tales, " pp. 57-71. 



Anselm. 

Green: 

Robin Hood. 

Lang: 

Henry II. 

Kendall: 

Thomas a Becket. 

Church: 
Colby : 



"Short History of the English People," pp. 73-74. 
"Book of Romance," pp. 323-355. 
"Source Book," pp. 56-61. 

"Stories from English History," pp. 146-165. 
" Selections from Sources," pp. 56-59. 



Green, Mrs. J. R. "Henry II." pp. 24-26 and 149-154. 
Guerber: "Story of the English," pp. 99-105. 



References for Supplementary W^orK 61 

Richard, the " Lion-Hearted." 

Bulfinch: "Age of Chivalry, " pp. 319-324 and 339-342. 
Church: "Stories from English History," pp. 165-187. 

Guerber: "Story of the English," pp. 105-117. 

Roger Bacon. 

Colby: "Selections from Sources," pp. 83-87. 

Green: " Short History of the English People," pp. 138-141. 

Simon de Montfort. 

Green: "Short History of the English People," pp 152-160. 

Edward I. LATER 

PLAN- 
Green: "Short History of the English People," pp. 181-184. TAGENET 

PERIOD. 

Robert Bruce. 

Maxwell: "Robert, the Bruce," pp. 142-162. 
Stirling: "Torch-Bearers," Part II., pp. 110-120. 

William Wallace. 

Colby: "Selections from Sources," pp. 90-92. 

Morris: " Historical Tales," pp, 127-138. 

Edward III. 

Lanier: "Boys' Froissart, " pp. 16-18; 40-41; 82-85; 166- 

170; 190—200; 209—210. 

John Wyclif. 

Green: " Short History of the English People, " pp. 235-244. 

Henry V. LANCAS- 

TRIAN & 

Church: "Stories from English History," pp. 260-269. YORKIST 

PERIOD 

Guerber: "Story of the English," pp. 176-183. 



62 Oxitline Lessons 

Joan of Arc. 

Colby: " Selections from Sources," pp. 113-117. 

Green: "Short History of the English People," pp. 274-279. 

Shepherd: " Historical Readings, " pp. 142-147. 

(Selections from Guizot.) 
Stirling "Torch-Bearers," Part II., pp. 121-130. 

Henry VI. and Margaret. 

Kendall: "Source Book," pp. 114-125. 

Warwick, the "King-Maker." 

Church: "Stories from English History," pp. 299-308. 

Green: "Short History of the English People," pp. 286-288 

William Caxton. 

Church: "Stories from English History," pp. 308-313. 



TUDOR Cardinal Wolsey 

PERIOD. 



Church: "Stories from English History," pp. 347-355. 

Creighton: "Cardinal Wolsey," pp. 18-21; 21 1-22 1. 

Green: "Short History of the English People," pp. 322-331 

Kendall: " Source Book," pp. 129-131. 

Sir Thomas More. 

Church: "Stories from English History," pp. 355-364. 

Green: "Short History of the English People," pp. 314-320 

and 343-344. 

Kendall: "Source Book," pp. 132-136 and 140-144. 

Lady Jane Grey."] 

Colby: " Selections from Sources," pp. 152-154. 



References for Supplementary WorK 63 

Queen Elizabeth. 

Beesly: "Queen Elizabeth," pp. 1-5 and 230-240. 

Colby: " Selections from Sources," pp. 158-163. 

Green : "Short History of the English People," pp. 369-376 

and 458-459. 
Shepherd: " Historical Readings, " pp. 236-240 
(Selections from Hume.) 
Mary, " Queen of Scots." 

Green "Short History of the English People," pp. 382-392 

and 416—417. 
Guerber: "Story of the English, " pp. 238-243. 
Kendall: "Source Book," pp. 155-168 and 173-178. 

Sir Francis Drake. 

Stirling: "Torch-Bearers," Part III., pp. 33-55. 

Sir Walter Raleigh. 

Church: "Stories from English History," pp. 412-420. 

John Pym. 

Green : " Short History of the Enghsh^People, " pp. 535-540. 

John Hampden. 

Shepherd: "Historical Readings," pp. 32-36. 
(Selections from Macaulay.) 
Oliver Cromwell. 

Church: "Stories from English History, " pp. 455-464. 

Green: "Short History of the English People," pp. 553-557 

and 594-598. 

Harrison: " Oliver Cromwell, " pp. 4-9; 13-34; 224-228. 

Stirling: "Torch-Bearers," Part III., pp. 106-136. 

Robert Blake. 

Church: "Stories from English History," pp. 473- 482. 



EARLY 
STUART 
PERIOD, 



64 



Outline Lessons 



LATER 
STUART 
PERIOD. 



EARLY 
HANOVER- 
IAN OR 
BRUNS- 
WICK 
PERIOD. 



Charles II. 

Shepherd " Historical Readings, " pp. 225-231. 
(Selections from Burnet.) 

Queen Anne. 

Church: "Stories from English History," pp. 536-542. 

Duke of Marlborough. 

Green "Short History of the English People," pp. 705-720. 

Sir Isaac Newton. 

Stirling: "Torch-Bearers," Part III., pp. 136-155. 

William III. 

Green : " Short History of the English People, " pp. 675-682. 

Shepherd: "Historical Readings," pp. 231-235. 

(Selections from Burnet.) 
Stirling: "Torch-Bearers," Part III., pp. 155-178. 



Robert Walpole. 
Green : 

Robert Clive. 

Church: 



"Short History of the English People," pp. 723-724. 
and 728-734. 

"Stories from English History," pp. 565-572. 



Stirling: "Torch-Bearers," Part III., pp. 221-246. 



James Wolfe. 
Church: 
Colby: 



"Stories from English History," pp. 573-580. 
"Selections from Sources," pp. 247-250. 



Parkman: "Montcalm and Wolfe," Vol. II., pp. 192-200. 

William Pitt, the Elder. 

Colby: "Selections from Sources," pp. 250-253. 

Green: "Short History of the English People," p. 748-757. 



References for Supplementary AA^orK 65 

William Pitt, the Younger. 

Green: "Short History of the English People," pp. 790-795. 

Admiral Nelson. 

Church: "Stories from English History," pp. 594-603. 

Colby "Selections from Sources," pp. 281-283. 

Morris: "Historical Tales," pp. 320-328. 

John Wesley. 

Colby: "Selections from Sources," pp. 237-239. 

Queen Victoria. VICTORIAN 

Guerber: "Story of the English," pp. 320-326 and 334-339. PERIOD. 

William E. Gladstone. 

Russell: "William Ewart Gladstone," Chap. I., and pages 

278-282. 

Benjamin Disraeli. 

McCarthy: "Short History of Our Own Times," pp. 78-82 
and 405-414. 



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